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Fig. 2. Simulated infiltration of water into fine-grained sand and coarse-grained alluvium during a 2-h streamflow event. The shaded areas in both A and B denote the period of streamflow. Measured contact resistance thresholds (dotted lines) and conductivity–saturation relationships were used to calculate saturation and normalized total electrical conductivity measurements at 0.2 m. (A) The saturation response (light solid line) and electrical resistance sensor response (dark solid lines) within the coarse-grained alluvium to the infiltration event and redistribution. (B) The simulated saturation and electrical resistance response for a sensor in fine-grained sand. The onset timing error is defined as the difference in time between the onset of a streamflow event and the activation of the electrical-resistance sensor. The cessation timing error is defined as the difference in time between the end of the streamflow event and the deactivation of the sensor. Both types of error are shown in A and B.
