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Fig. 3. Schematic view of a "slit" sequence representing interconnected (a) saturated and (b) unsaturated pores. For the saturated case (a) a1, a2 denote the half-apertures of narrow and large slits, respectively; for the unsaturated case (b) a2 denotes the characteristic thickness of the water film in a large slit; 
denotes the Debye length. Symbolic graphs of ion concentrations illustrate excess of cations and deficiency of anions in the electrical double layer (EDL) relative to the equilibrium concentration C0. The integrals of cation excess and anion deficiency over the slit aperture represent the effective charges of cations (
+) and anions (–) in the EDL.
