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Fig. 4. Example of electrokinetic electric potential difference for an increasing water table and deionized water. (a) Evolution of the upstream and downstream water levels. The upstream level was maintained at 20 cm; the downstream started at 5 cm and was increased by 3-cm steps until there was no flow. (b) Corresponding electric potential difference between the electrode located at (x,y,z) = (–6, 12, 5 cm) and the reference electrode located in the upstream reservoir (see Fig. 3).
