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Fig. 7. Conceptual graph illustrating trends in the relative influence of engineering factors (e.g, slope, soil textures and thicknesses) vs. environmental factors (e.g., succession, burrowing) in the long-term effectiveness of engineered landfill covers. (A) Three years or less after installation (Nyhan et al., 1990). (B) Ten years after installation (this paper). (C) Thirty years after closure (Wenzel et al., 1987). (D) One century or more after closure (no studies of landfill covers; analog studies in ecosystems)
