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Fig. 3. Infiltration into the loam column with a preferential flow path (PFP) made of medium sand. Comparison of experimental cumulative flow data and dual-permeability model simulations using independently estimated parameters (forward), or inversely identified parameters based on data of pressure heads and water contents in the matrix, and domain-specific (inverse-local) or bulk-soil related (inverse-lumped) outflow. (a) Infiltration, (b) outflow, (c) outflow from the matrix, and (d) outflow from the PFP.
