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Previous Next 		Contents: February 2008, Volume 7, Issue 1   [Index by Author] 
Down ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Down TECHNICAL NOTES
Down SPECIAL SECTION: GROUND PENETRATING RADAR IN HYDROGEOPHYSICS
Down SPECIAL SECTION: TOUGH2
Down REVIEW AND ANALYSIS
Down BOOK REVIEWS
Down THANKS TO OUR REVIEWERS
Down ERRATUM

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To see an article, click its [Full Text] link. To review many abstracts, check the boxes to the left of the titles you want, and click the 'Get All Checked Abstract(s)' button. To see one abstract at a time, click its [Abstract] link.

ORIGINAL RESEARCHBack

C. Kechavarzi, K. Soga, T. Illangasekare, and P. Nikolopoulos

Two-dimensional multiphase flow experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of textural interfaces and initial water content on LNAPL migration during transient flow in the unsaturated zone. Capillary barrier effects on LNAPL migration at layer interfaces are shown to be strongly dependent on initial water content and textural contrasts.
Published online 1 February 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2006.0177
Vadose Zone J Feb 1 2008: 1–9 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

P. van der Keur, J. R. Hansen, S. Hansen, and J. C. Refsgaard

Uncertainty assessments using physically based hydrological modeling at the catchment scale may not be computationally feasible. A framework for conducting an uncertainty assessment using Monte Carlo technique by modifying the unsaturated component of a coupled rootzone-groundwater model is provided and applied for the Odense catchment in Denmark.
Published online 23 January 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2006.0186
Vadose Zone J Jan 23 2008: 10–21 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

M. H. Young, G. S. Campbell, and J. Yin

We developed a new method of analyzing dual-probe heat-pulse data that included optimization of water content, needle spacing, and changes in ambient temperature. The method included temperature dependency of thermal conductivity. Results showed significantly smoother water content values. Precipitation events can be detected as low as 2 mm.
Published online 23 January 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2007.0015
Vadose Zone J Jan 23 2008: 22–30 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Haruyuki Fujimaki, Yoshitake Ando, Yibin Cui, and Mitsuhiro Inoue

We present a cost-effective and reliable method to determine parameter values in a root water uptake model. Water content and salinity in the root zone were observed using TDR, but not used in the objective function. By using daily transpiration in the objective function, our inverse method is not affected by inaccuracy in hydraulic conductivity.
Published online 23 January 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2007.0025
Vadose Zone J Jan 23 2008: 31–38 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Amor V.M. Ines and Binayak P. Mohanty

A genetic algorithm was used to estimate effective vadose zone soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity functions using near-surface soil moisture content as conditioning data in inverse modeling. The algorithm was tested in different hydroclimatic regions including semihumid Oklahoma, humid Iowa and Illinois, and temperate humid China.
Published online 23 January 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2007.0048
Vadose Zone J Jan 23 2008: 39–52 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

David Russo, Jacob Zaidel, and Asher Laufer

Agricultural use of stony desert soils may be improved by application of imported soil materials into trenches aligned along the crop rows. We investigated the effect of the type of imported soil material, the trench geometry, the discharge of the trickle line laterals, and the plant root pattern on solute leaching efficiency.
Published online 23 January 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2007.0050
Vadose Zone J Jan 23 2008: 53–66 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

D. M. Wellman, A. P. Gamerdinger, D. I. Kaplan, and R. J. Serne

Uranium (VI) sorption and transport was evaluated in mixtures of silt loam and coarse sand sediments using traditional static batch sorption, saturated column, and unsaturated centrifugation experiments to evaluate the association of mobile and immobile water domains with particles of different size and surface reactivity.
Published online 23 January 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2007.0076
Vadose Zone J Jan 23 2008: 67–78 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Yukiyoshi Iwata, Masaki Hayashi, and Tomoyoshi Hirota

A 4-yr field study was conducted in Hokkaido, Japan, where frost depths have been decreasing due to climate change. The soil was frozen or unfrozen depending on snow-cover conditions. Meltwater infiltrated almost completely in both frozen and unfrozen years, implying that the shallow frost in recent years no longer impedes snowmelt infiltration.
Published online 23 January 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2007.0089
Vadose Zone J Jan 23 2008: 79–86 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Muhammed Khlosi, Wim M. Cornelis, Ahmed Douaik, Martinus Th. van Genuchten, and Donald Gabriels

Using 137 soil samples from the UNSODA database, we compared eight closed-form unimodal analytical expressions that describe the soil-water retention curve over the complete range of soil-water contents. The expressions were evaluated in terms of their accuracy, linearity, and prediction potential.
Published online 1 February 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2007.0099
Vadose Zone J Feb 1 2008: 87–96 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Liping Pang, Malcolm McLeod, Jacqueline Aislabie, Jirka Simunek, Murray Close, and Ross Hector

Transport of microbial indicators and bromide in 10 types of undisturbed soils was evaluated using a mobile-immobile model. Soil structure was found most important in velocity enhancement of microbes and Br transport, while soil lithology had greatest influence on the attenuation of microbes and mass exchange between the two regions.
Published online 23 January 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2007.0108
Vadose Zone J Jan 23 2008: 97–111 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

TECHNICAL NOTESBack

H.-J. Vogel and O. Ippisch

The discretization scale for the numerical solution of Richards' equation is limited toward large scales. Depending on the soil water characteristic, it is in the range between millimeters and decimeters.
Published online 23 January 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2006.0182
Vadose Zone J Jan 23 2008: 112–114 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

R. C. Schwartz, R. L. Baumhardt, and T. A. Howell

We developed an iterative plane-of-zero flux method to optimize hydraulic parameters using mean field time-domain reflectometry soil water contents and calculated changes in soil water storage. Subhourly drainage, evaporation, and infiltration rates are subsequently estimated for a season using fitted hydraulic parameters and measured soil water contents.
Published online 23 January 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2007.0006
Vadose Zone J Jan 23 2008: 115–123 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Zhaosheng Fan and Francis X. M. Casey

Many pollutants undergo complex multiple fate and transport process in soil, and identification of these processes is incredibly difficult. This technical note provides a unique application of an advanced computational method that uniquely and confidently identifies processes parameters.
Published online 23 January 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2007.0021
Vadose Zone J Jan 23 2008: 124–130 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

W. D. Reynolds

The classical analysis for determining field-saturated hydraulic conductivity from falling-head ring infiltrometer measurements is problematic when the ratio of standpipe to ring cross-sectional area (R) equals the change in porous medium water content. An alternative analysis is presented that applies for 0 < R < infinity, including R equal to the change in porous medium water content. Also presented is an improved simplified analysis for estimating field-saturated hydraulic conductivity when standpipe drawdown is small and R is less than the change in porous medium water content.
Published online 23 January 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2007.0045
Vadose Zone J Jan 23 2008: 131–135 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

SPECIAL SECTION: GROUND PENETRATING RADAR IN HYDROGEOPHYSICSBack

Sébastien Lambot, Andrew Binley, Evert Slob, and Susan Hubbard
Ground Penetrating Radar in Hydrogeophysics
The guest editors introduce the papers in the special section, which represent a wide range of surface and borehole GPR applications, including GPR sensitivity to contaminant plumes, new methods for soil water content determination, three-dimensional imaging of the subsurface, time-lapse monitoring of hydrodynamic events and inversion techniques for soil hydraulic properties estimation, and joint interpretation of GPR and electric resistivity tomography data.
Published online 25 February 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2007.0180
Vadose Zone J Feb 25 2008: 137–139 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Nigel J. Cassidy

Ground-penetrating radar is becoming an increasingly popular tool for the characterization of hydrocarbon-related groundwater pollution. Data interpretation, however, can be extremely complex, particularly in mature near-surface environments. By combining numerical modeling with dielectric analysis, it has been possible to simulate the GPR response of both "clean" and contaminated environments and show that variations in contaminant distribution and saturation index all produce different, yet characterizable, temporal and spectral GPR responses.
Published online 25 February 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2006.0142
Vadose Zone J Feb 25 2008: 140–159 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Francesco Soldovieri, Giancarlo Prisco, and Raffaele Persico

This study used a microwave tomographic approach to determine the electromagnetic property of a soil. First, we introduce a strategy for determining the dielectric permittivity of the soil with the only a priori information that the target is electrically small. Then, we present numerical results achieved by using the microwave tomographic approach with synthetic data resembling the realistic situation of a layered soil.
Published online 25 February 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2006.0147
Vadose Zone J Feb 25 2008: 160–170 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

C. P. Oden, G. R. Olhoeft, D. L. Wright, and M. H. Powers

Full calibration of both the amplitude and temporal response of ground-coupled ground penetrating radar systems is especially difficult because the antenna response changes as the properties of the ground beneath the antennas change. This paper discusses calibration methods and presents techniques to estimate subsurface properties using a fully calibrated system.
Published online 25 February 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2006.0128
Vadose Zone J Feb 25 2008: 171–183 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

John H. Bradford

Ground penetrating radar reflection tomography coupled with petrophysical transforms has the potential to measure heterogeneity in the subsurface moisture content via an appropriate petrophysical transform. Through synthetic and field examples, I illustrate the potential for this methodology to improve vadose zone characterization.
Published online 25 February 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2006.0160
Vadose Zone J Feb 25 2008: 184–193 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

David Goutaland, Thierry Winiarski, Jean-Sébastien Dubé, Grégory Bièvre, Jean-François Buoncristiani, Michel Chouteau, and Bernard Giroux

Our aim was to improve the knowledge of the spatial distribution of soil hydraulic properties in the vadose zone underlying a stormwater infiltration basin. Ground penetrating radar was used to characterize subsurface heterogeneities at the lithofacies scale. This work is a key step in the comprehension of unsaturated water flow such as preferential flow paths.
Published online 25 February 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2007.0003
Vadose Zone J Feb 25 2008: 194–207 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Albane Saintenoy, Sébastien Schneider, and Piotr Tucholka

Water infiltrated from a borehole at about 1-m depth into a natural Fontainebleau sand deposit layer was monitored using a surface ground penetrating radar (GPR) system. Observed GPR reflections were interpreted using hydrodynamic and electromagnetic wave propagation numerical modeling.
Published online 25 February 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2007.0132
Vadose Zone J Feb 25 2008: 208–214 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Rita Deiana, Giorgio Cassiani, Alberto Villa, Andrea Bagliani, and Vittorio Bruno

Water injection into the vadose zone of a Quaternary sand and gravel aquifer was monitored using geophysical cross-hole methods. Estimates of moisture content changes were derived across space and time. The results were used to calibrate a three-dimensional unsaturated flow model, yielding estimates of saturated hydraulic conductivity at the field scale.
Published online 25 February 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2006.0137
Vadose Zone J Feb 25 2008: 215–226 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Majken C. Looms, Karsten H. Jensen, Andrew Binley, and Lars Nielsen

Unsaturated flow and transport was monitored using cross-borehole electrical resistivity tomography and ground penetrating radar. One-dimensional moment analysis of estimated tracer concentration profiles was performed using data collected during a 20-d-long forced tracer infiltration experiment.
Published online 25 February 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2006.0129
Vadose Zone J Feb 25 2008: 227–237 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Majken C. Looms, Andrew Binley, Karsten H. Jensen, Lars Nielsen, and Thomas M. Hansen

Following an integrated data fusion approach, cross-borehole geophysical methods are used to constrain the unsaturated flow parameters of a 12-m-deep volume of the unsaturated zone. The data describes large dynamic changes caused by forced infiltration of water and solute tracer applied over an approximately 50 square meter area at the surface.
Published online 25 February 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2007.0087
Vadose Zone J Feb 25 2008: 238–248 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Thomas M. Hansen, Majken C. Looms, and Lars Nielsen

We present a novel approach for inferring the stochastic properties of the subsurface, given indirect data observations. The method is illustrated using a cross-borehole ground penetrating radar tomography example.
Published online 25 February 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2006.0144
Vadose Zone J Feb 25 2008: 249–262 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Knud S. Cordua, Majken C. Looms, and Lars Nielsen

Cross-borehole GPR data used in hydrogeophysical studies are often contaminated by correlated errors, which may severely contaminate the tomographic images if standard methods are used. We present a method to suppress such errors in order to obtain more trustworthy tomographic images and, subsequently, more reliable models of water saturation.
Published online 25 February 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2007.0008
Vadose Zone J Feb 25 2008: 263–271 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

M. Bagher Farmani, Henk Keers, and Nils-Otto Kitterød

Using ground penetrating radar and an advanced tomography algorithm, we derived high-resolution images of soil water content distribution in the vadose zone of an ice-contact delta in Norway. The resulting water content distribution indicated that funneling of water flow occurs within the vadose zone of the delta.
Published online 25 February 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2006.0132
Vadose Zone J Feb 25 2008: 272–283 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

SPECIAL SECTION: TOUGH2Back

Hui-Hai Liu and Tissa H. Illangasekare

The guest editors introduce the papers in the special section, which addresses the modeling advances and use of the TOUGH family of codes. This special section contains revised and expanded versions of a selected set of papers presented at a symposium at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
Published online 25 February 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2007.0113
Vadose Zone J Feb 25 2008: 284–286 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Stefan Finsterle and Michael B. Kowalsky

A method is presented for identifying both the subsurface structure and the parameters describing unsaturated flow. The geostatistical characteristics of the soil are extracted from the high-resolution information contained in geophysical data and the observed hydrological response to a water infiltration experiment.
Published online 25 February 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2006.0078
Vadose Zone J Feb 25 2008: 287–293 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Darby J. VanAntwerp, Ronald W. Falta, and John S. Gierke

The authors introduce a dual-domain multiphase flow approach, with the objective of avoiding the overprediction of mass removal during air sparging associated with traditional flow models. The dual-domain approach provides a better fit to the experimental data of both a 2-D laboratory-scale experiment and a 3-D field-scale experiment involving air sparging remediation of PCE.
Published online 25 February 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2006.0126
Vadose Zone J Feb 25 2008: 294–304 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Tianfu Xu

Aqueous reaction kinetics and biodegradation through a general multiregion model has been implemented into the TOUGHREACT program. The model has been validated by an experiment of denitrification and sulfate reduction. The model is a useful tool to produce insight into microscopic processes and parameters.
Published online 25 February 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2006.0130
Vadose Zone J Feb 25 2008: 305–315 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Alfredo Battistelli

Compositional simulations of three-phase multicomponent organic spills in the unsaturated zone of a coastal site, in the presence of seawater intrusion in the unconfined aquifer beneath, are presented and discussed. The effect of seawater encroachment on the spatial distribution of VOCs dissolved in the groundwater is highlighted.
Published online 25 February 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2006.0119
Vadose Zone J Feb 25 2008: 316–324 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Lehua Pan, Jiming Jin, Norman Miller, Yu-Shu Wu, and Gudmundur Bodvarsson

A model was developed to simulate land-surface and subsurface hydrologic response to meteorological forcing, by joining two widely used models: CLM3 (land surface) and TOUGH2 (subsurface). The new model greatly improved predictions of water table depth, evapotranspiration, surface temperature, and soil moisture for a watershed with an 18-year monitoring record.
Published online 25 February 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2006.0106
Vadose Zone J Feb 25 2008: 325–331 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Robert K. Podgorney and Jerry P. Fairley

In this paper, capillary pressure and relative permeability functions are presented that describe flow from a porous media into an underlying macropore. Simulations using the macropore capillary pressure function matched experimental observations of episodic flow and were in general agreement for both flux and matrix capillary pressure.
Published online 25 February 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2006.0107
Vadose Zone J Feb 25 2008: 332–339 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Yu-Shu Wu and P. A. Forsyth

Several total variation diminishing (TVD) or flux-limiter schemes are investigated in an effort to improve numerical accuracy in modeling multiphase flow and transport using multidimensional irregular unstructured grids. Test results show that these TVD schemes can effectively reduce numerical dispersion.
Published online 25 February 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2006.0076
Vadose Zone J Feb 25 2008: 340–349 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Alan L. Flint, Lorraine E. Flint, and Michael D. Dettinger

The mechanisms of recharge into granitic bedrock underlying a melting snowpack were investigated using measurements and numerical modeling to show that the snowpack melts and freezes diurnally and melt water ponds and infiltrates into the fractured granite at a rate limited by its hydraulic conductivity.
Published online 25 February 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2006.0135
Vadose Zone J Feb 25 2008: 350–357 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

REVIEW AND ANALYSISBack

D. A. Robinson, C. S. Campbell, J. W. Hopmans, B. K. Hornbuckle, S. B. Jones, R. Knight, F. Ogden, J. Selker, and O. Wendroth

Soil water content is a key state variable that needs to be determined in watershed-scale observatories. Instrumentation methods are reviewed, including geophysics and sensor networks, that will advance the research to improve spatial measurement in small watersheds.
Published online 25 February 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2007.0143
Vadose Zone J Feb 25 2008: 358–389 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

BOOK REVIEWSBack

Richard Howitt
Water Productivity in Agriculture: Limits and Opportunities for Improvement
Edited by Jacob Kijne, Randolf Barker, and David Molden. CABI Publishing, Cambridge, MA. 2003. Hardcover, 354 pp. ISBN-10: 0-85199-669-8. ISBN-13: 978-0-85199-669-1.
Published online 25 February 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2007.0085br
Vadose Zone J Feb 25 2008: 390–391 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Robert M. Holt
Unsaturated-Zone Modeling: Progress, Challenges, and Applications
Edited by R.A. Feddes, G.H. de Rooij, and J.C. van Dam. Kluwer Academic. 2004. 364 pp. $138.00. ISBN-10: 1402029172. ISBN-13: 9781402029172.
Published online 25 February 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2006.0162br
Vadose Zone J Feb 25 2008: 392–393 [Full Text] [PDF]  

THANKS TO OUR REVIEWERSBack

Thanks to Our Reviewers
Published online 25 February 2008;
Vadose Zone J Feb 25 2008: 394–395 [Full Text] [PDF]  

ERRATUMBack

Abdullah Cihan, Ed Perfect, and John S. Tyner
Water Retention Models for Scale-Variant and Scale-Invariant Drainage of Mass Prefractal Porous Media
Published online 25 February 2008; doi: 10.2136/vzj2007.0062er
Vadose Zone J Feb 25 2008: 396 [Full Text] [PDF]  

To see an article, click its [Full Text] link. To review many abstracts, check the boxes to the left of the titles you want, and click the 'Get All Checked Abstract(s)' button. To see one abstract at a time, click its [Abstract] link.

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